The VPS v2 Virtual Server is an isolated server environment that strongly
resembles a dedicated UNIX machine. Each VPS v2 Virtual Server has a dedicated IP address, a
hostname, resource allocations (disk space, memory, CPU share, processes,
network, etc.), and a file system. Special tools provide a full UNIX file
system inside your VPS v2 Virtual Server without significantly affecting your disk space.
Basically, the system works like this: Instead of putting
the actual files in your file system, we have made transparent virtual links to
them, thereby conserving a significant amount of disk space for you.
When you write a directory or file, the link is
transparently replaced with a regular directory or file that is written to your
disk and counts against your disk space allocation.
An example of this is if you edited the /usr/local/etc/sudoers file. Each directory in
that path plus the sudoers file is written to your disk space. All the
unmodified files within each of those directories remained as virtual links.
Freedom and Responsibility
Your VPS v2 Virtual Server gives you almost unlimited freedom in
configuring the server any way you want. And while the ability is yours to
reconfigure the server, so is the responsibility for doing so. You will be
responsible for updating, patching, and maintaining the security of your server
for any customization that you do. This ability is explained in the following
example, using Apache.
Suppose you do not want Apache updates.
2. To see the” frozen” flag on the directory, type:
% ls –lo
3. To see the links on the directory, type:
% ls –lv
4. If you later decide to change the directory back, use the thaw command
to remove the “frozen” status from the affected directories and files.
% thaw (file or directory) /usr/local/apache
5. Use the relink command to relink
files and directories back to /skel, essentially
moving them back onto the other file system. This frees up considerable disk
space for you.
% relink /usr/local/apache
Relink compares
checksums on every file in the directory path, “collapses” those files and
directories whose checksums are equal to the directories and files in /skel, and relinks them. Because the httpd.conf file is different, relink cannot “collapse” /usr/local/apache/conf. Modified files cannot be relinked.
Now that relink has
worked its magic, you now no longer own the directories and files that were on
your disk, counting against your allocation. See the relink man page for more information.
Support Limits
If you choose to make a major configuration change such as
the previous example of Apache, the responsibility for maintaining that part of
your server is solely yours and falls outside our support limits.
If you decide you would rather make your present
configuration current with that of the file system in /skel and perform the thaw and relink operations
on the modified directories and files, you will again be within our support
limits.
The longer you go on your own, the more changes are made
to the filesystem in /skel. It will
eventually become impossible to reconcile the checksums on the two file
systems—yours and /skel’s. If that occurs,
you will be permanently on your own.
Important Commands, Directories, and Files
The following table describes commands and directories
used to manipulate directories and files in the VPS v2 Virtual Server file system.
|
Name |
Type |
Description |
|
touch (directory/or/file) |
UNIX command |
Updates the access and modification times; useful in
forcing other commands to handle files in a certain way. |
|
freeze (directory/or/file) |
command |
Writes the affected directories and files to the virtual
disk and flags them with a “frozen” status so they cannot be overwritten by /skel. |
|
thaw (directory/or/file) |
command |
Removes the “frozen” status on files. |
|
relink (directory/or/file) |
command |
Runs a checksum comparison between /skel and the virtual file system |
|
vunlink directory/path/to/file |
command |
Unlinks a virtual directory hierarchy
(dir) vunlink /usr/local/foo
(file) vunlink/usr/local/foo/misc.file |
|
/skel |
directory |
Contains a copy of the files system of a pristine VPS v2 Virtual Server. |
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